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By the end of the century, French and English keep designs began to diverge: Philip II of France built a sequence of circular keeps as part of his bid to stamp his royal authority on his new territories, while in England castles were built without keeps. Stone keeps carried considerable political as well as military importance and could take up to a decade or more to build.ĭuring the 12th century, new designs began to be introduced – in France, quatrefoil-shaped keeps were introduced, while in England polygonal towers were built. The Anglo-Normans and French rulers began to build stone keeps during the 10th and 11th centuries these included Norman keeps, with a square or rectangular design, and circular shell keeps. As a result of the Norman invasion of 1066, use spread into Wales during the second half of the 11th century and into Ireland in the 1170s. The first keeps were made of timber and formed a key part of the motte-and-bailey castles that emerged in Normandy and Anjou during the 10th century the design spread to England, south Italy and Sicily. Scholars have debated the scope of the word keep, but usually consider it to refer to large towers in castles that were fortified residences, used as a refuge of last resort should the rest of the castle fall to an adversary. However, in absence of a Universal Health Care policy, wholesalers like MCCPDC will help countless people afford their medicine.A reconstruction of York Castle in the 14th century, showing the castle's stone keep (top) overlooking the castle bailey (below)Ī keep (from the Middle English kype) is a type of fortified tower built within castles during the Middle Ages by European nobility. In America, medical care remains prohibitively expensive for much of the population, and market-based solutions like MCCPDC don't solve that systemic problem. In addition to the online pharmacy they just launched, MCCPDC is developing an $11 million, 22,000 square foot pharmaceutical factory in Dallas that they plan to open by the end of this year. Cuban agreed and by January of 2021 the company was formed.
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“I was just so livid about that,” says Mark Cuban Cost Plus Drug Company founder and CEO Alex Oshmyansky, who is also a physician, “I've been angry about it for a long time.” Oshmyansky, who has degrees from Harvard and Johns Hopkins, cold emailed Cuban about the idea. The idea for the company grew out of the Daraprim controversy back in 2015 when “Pharma bro” Martin Shkreli raised the price of an anti-malarial drug from $13.50 to $750 per pill while he was CEO of Turing Pharmaceuticals. The leukemia drug Imatinib, for example, costs $47 per month compared to a whopping $9,657 retail.The cholesterol medication Atorvastatin costs $3.60 on the online pharmacy, instead of the the usual $55 plus.
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However, depending on the medication, the savings could very well be worth it. Additionally, customers must request a new prescription from their healthcare provider to place an order from MCCPDC.
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MCCPDC doesn’t currently accept insurance, instead requiring its customers to pay for medication out of pocket, however, as the company notes, their prescription drugs cost less than most insurance plans’ deductible and copay requirements. Combined, this is much lower than the standard markup for generic medications, which can range from 100% to over %1000. MCCPDC, which was started with the goal of being “ radically transparent” with its price negotiations, bases its prices on a simple model-adding a 15% margin on top of manufacturing cost, as well as a $3 pharmacist service fee and $5 delivery fee.